the development of student
The Development of Student
By; Admin
Meanwhile, William Perry’s cognitive theory of student development examines nine positions tracing the evolution of traditionally aged students’ thinking about the nature of knowledge, truth and values, and meaning of life and responsibilities. The scheme portrays three general levels – dualism, relativism, and commitment – and three positions within each level. The three positions in dualism and relativism are considered to be structural stages. The three positions in commitment are affective stages, which describe the process of living through commitments.
Position 1: All information is either right or wrong
Position 2: All information is right or wrong, and where uncertainty seems to exist it is really an error committed by a wrong authority
Position 3: All information is either right or wrong, but uncertainty is acceptable in areas where experts don’t know the answers yet. Someday, the right answers will be discovered.
Position 4: Knowledge pervasively uncertain. Ideas have equal value. No one has “the answer.” Non-absolute evidence or standards for judgment within context are not yet integrated into the structure. A few right and wrong categories may still exist.
Position 5: Knowledge is contextual. Non-absolute evidence is available for making contextual judgments of better or worse but not for judgments of absolutely right or wrong. If my life is also contextual, what am I to be?, to do?, to value?
Position 6: A person’s life, especially his/her values emerge as commitments are made. Life commitments are foreseen as one applies contextual criteria to identify issues.
Position 7: Active affirmation of self and responsibility in pluralistic word, establishing identity in process
Position 8: Personal commitments are made out of a relativistic frame of reference allowing for recognition of diverse personal themes
Position 9: Understand role in pluralistic world by establishing own identity and life style in way consistent with own personal theme
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